THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONGRESS OF NEPHROLOGY

30 AUGUST – 2 SEPTEMBER 2012 CSIR CONVENTION CENTRE, PRETORIA

SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS

1. O: PATTERNS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR GEOMETRY AND FUNCTION AMONG CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

2. P: THE EFFECTS OF ULTRAFILTRATION PROFILING ON BLOOD PRESSURE

3. P: THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG TEACHERS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PARTNERSHIP FOR COHORT RESEARCH AND TRAINING (PaCT) PILOT STUDY

4. P: THE CAUSE OF AN INTERSTITIAL NEPHROPATHY REVEALED BY A LUPUS FLARE IN PERITONEAL DIALYSI

5. P: KUSSMAUL-MEIER DISEASE REVEALED BY RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH UROLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENT: CASE REPORT

6. P: NEW-ONSET DIABETES AFTER TRANSPLANT: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOME

7. P: INTRAVENOUS PULSE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE USE IN A SOUTH AFRICAN RENAL UNIT: JUSTIFICATION AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS

8. P: NEW-ONSET DIABETES IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AT TYGERBERG HOSPITAL

9. O: CALCIPHYLAXIS: A CASE STUDY

10. P: DONOR KIDNEY EVALUATION USING [51]Cr-EDTA TO DETERMINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND OUTCOME IN RECIPIENTS: PRELIMINARY DATA

11. O: QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHRONIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS

12. O: AN AUDIT OF THE PATENCY RATE AND COMPLICATIONS OF ARTERIO-VENOUS FISTULAS CREATED IN TYGERBERG HOSPITAL ON HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

13. O: ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL DIALYSIS AND TRANSPLANT REGISTRY

14. P: DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY EVALUATION OF A MULTIMEDIA LEARNING RESOURCE FOR ELECTROLYTE AND ACID‒BASE DISORDERS

15. P: HUMORAL REJECTION IN THE RENAL ALLOGRAFT: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

16. P: FAILED RESCUE SPLENECTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LATE HUMORAL REJECTION: A CASE REPORT

17. P: INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES: THE CAPE TOWN EXPERIENCE

18. O: RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION DURING DIALYSIS

19. P: FIFTY-SEVEN SIMULTANEOUS KIDNEY‒PANCREAS TRANSPLANTS: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

20. P: MESANGIOCAPILLARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MCGN) IN A CAPE TOWN TERTIARY HOSPITAL: A COMMON DISEASE WITH POOR OUTCOME

21. O: DIFFERENCES IN CLEARANCE USING PERMANENT CATHETER AND AV FISTULA ACCESS AT CHARLOTTE MAXEKE JOHANNESBURG ACADEMIC HOSPITAL CHRONIC DIALYSIS UNIT

22. P: PREVALENCE OF 25(OH) VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

23. O: PREVALENCE OF PROTEINURIA IN PATIENTS ON THE HEALTHY START PROGRAMME

24. O: ATYPICAL HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME

25. O: ADAPTATION OF THE RENALSMART WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR THE DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

26. O: COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF A NOCTURNAL HAEMODIALYSIS PROGRAMME WITH CONVENTIONAL HAEMODIALYSIS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE

27. O: MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS IN SOUTH AFRICA

28. P: OUTCOMES OF HIV INFECTION POST TRANSPLANTATION

29. P: AN ANALYSIS OF PERITONEAL MEMBRANE TRANSPORTER FUNCTION IN CAPD PATIENTS AT INKOSI ALBERT LUTHULI HOSPITAL

30. O: METHAMPHETAMINE USE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION: A CASE SERIES

31. O: AN AUDIT OF THE OUTCOME OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS INSERTION METHODS AT TYGERBERG HOSPITAL

32. P: PREVALENCE OF PROTEINURIA IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN RWANDA HEALTH CENTRES

33. P: HIVAN PREVALENCE IN BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS AND SNP SELECTION WITHIN MYH9 AND APOL1 FOR AN ASSOCIATION STUDY: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

34. P: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF PATIENTS REFERRED FOR PERMANENT VASCULAR ACCESS FOR CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS (HD) AT THE GLYNNWOOD HOSPITAL, JOHANNESBURG

35. P: PERI-PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS DURING INSERTION OF TEMPORARY CENTRAL VEIN CATHETER FOR HAEMODIALYSIS BASED ON BODY LANDMARKS. A CLINICAL AUDIT OF A SURGICAL PRACTICE

36. P: INSERTION OF THE PERMANENT CENTRAL VEIN CATHETER FOR HAEMODIALYSIS: CLINICAL AUDIT OF A SINGLE-SURGEON PRACTICE

37. P: RESTRICTIONS AND CHALLENGES OF A PD PROGRAMME IN THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR: OVERVIEW FROM TYGERBERG HOSPITAL

38. P: METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS ATTENDING THE GROOTE SCHUUR HOSPITAL IN CAPE TOWN

39. P: ATYPICAL HAEMOLYTIC‒URAEMIC SYNDROME BY MCP DEFENCIENCY DIAGNOSED IN A TEENAGER

40. P: SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOL HYPERTENSION (HT) SURVEY

41. P: PROGRESSIVE DETERIATION IN RATES OF LIVING DONOR (LD) AND DECEASED DONOR (DD) KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (KT[X]): A THREE-YEAR JOHANNESBURG HOSPITAL POTENTIAL LIVING DONOR (PLD) SURVEY (2009–2011)

42. P: EFFICACY OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AT CAPE TOWN KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS CENTRE

43. O: HYDROTHORAX IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

44. O: OUTCOME OF PRIORITY SETTING APPROACH TO ACCESS RENAL REPLACEMENT TREATMENT (RRT)

45. O: PREVALENCE OF HIV-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY IN CHILDREN: A FIVE-YEAR EXPERIENCE AT THE CHARLOTTE MAXEKE JOHANNESBURG ACADEMIC HOSPITAL ‒NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE

46. P: COPING WITH HAEMODIALYSIS: FAMILIES’ PERSPECTIVE

47. P: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND PATTERN OF KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS AT AMINU KANO TEACHING HOSPITAL: A CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDY

48. O: THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PAEDIATRIC KIDNEY DISEASE AT QUEEN ELIZABETH CENTRAL HOSPITAL (QECH), BLANTYRE, MALAWI

49. O: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) IN CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN CAPE TOWN

50. O: HIV AND KIDNEY DISEASE

51. P: A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF HAEMODIALYSIS FREQUENCY IN END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE (ESKD)

52. P: PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

53. P: A SINGLE BASE-PAIR MUTATION CAUSES CYSTINOSIS IN THE MAJORITY OF WESTERN CAPE PATIENTS

54. O: ABNORMAL IGA1 O-GLYCOSYLATION IN A MULTI-ETHNIC POPULATION OF IGA NEPHROPATHY PATIENTS IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA

55. O: FREQUENT BODY COMPOSITION MONITORING IN HD PATIENTS AT WINELANDS KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS CENTRE: EFFECTS ON HYPERTENSION AND INTRADIALYTIC HYPOTENSION

56. O: A TWO-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF OUTCOMES OF ACUTE PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN KING EDWARD VIII HOSPITAL

57. P: AN AUDIT OF THE EFFECT OF INADEQUATE WATER PURIFICATION ON ANAEMIA MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AT TYGERBERG HOSPITAL

58. P: BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ATTENDING A RENAL CLINIC: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

59. P: CLINICO-PATHOLOGY OF MESANGIOPROLIFERATIVE PRIMARY CHILDHOOD NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN THE RED CROSS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, CAPE TOWN

60. P: RENAL BIOPSY IN CHILDHOOD NEPHROTIC SYNDROME: A NEW HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TREND

61. P: OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLIFERATIVE LUPUS NEPHRITIS IN CAPE TOWN

62. P: USING CLINICAL MODELS TO PREDICT THE OCCURRENCE OF PROLIFERATIVE LUPUS NEPHRITIS: A STUDY OF 251 PATIENTS WITH BIOPSY-PROVEN LUPUS NEPHRITIS

63. O: WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY ON DIALYSIS: A CASE STUDY

64. P: OUTCOMES OF HIV CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT

65. O: THE NEW SOUTH AFRICAN HYPERTENSION GUIDELINES

66. P: CONTINUOUS-FLOW PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CFPD): DESCRIPTION OF USE IN CLINICAL SETTING IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

67. P: AN AUDIT OF THE PATTERN OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AT TYGERBERG HOSPITAL

68. P: A TRIAL OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON ALBUMIN LEVELS IN MALNOURISHED HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

69. P: A SINGLE CASE PRESENTATION: DIABETIC HD PATIENT WITH SUSTAINED ELEVATED HAEMOGLOBIN OF UNKNOWN AETIOLOGY

70. P: PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN LKDC, POLOKWANE: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

71. P: ASPERGILLOMA: 25 YEARS POST RENAL TRANSPLANT

72. O: EXERCISE AND SPORT FOLLOWING TRANSPLANTATION: A UNIVERSAL WINNER

73. O: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN’S PRACTICE GUIDELINES BASED ON BEST EVIDENCE, NICE AND AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PAEDIATRICS RECOMMENDATIONS

74. P: HEMODIALYSIS VERSUS PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

75. O: A REVIEW OF PATTERNS OF RENAL DISEASE AT CHRIS HANI BARAGWANATH ACADEMIC HOSPITAL FROM 1982 TO 2011

76. P: DIALYSIS-RELATED AMYLOIDOSIS: A SINGLE CASE STUDY

77. P: INVESTIGATION OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILE AND THE PREVALENCE OF CKD PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS, PRE AND POST ART

78. P: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE NON-HIVAN HISTOLOGIES SEEN IN PATIENTS WITH HIV UNDERGOING RENAL BIOPSY

79. P: MYOCARDIAL TWIST CHARACTERISTICS IN AN AFRICAN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE POPULATION ON HAEMODIALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER DIALYSIS AS MEASURED BY SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

80. P: OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC DIALYSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE

83: FOETAL AND NEONATAL DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IS REGULATED WITH ATP-SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNEL

Kazuo Momma, Emiko Hayama, Toshio Nakanishi

Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Background: The foetal patency and neonatal closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is regulated with oxygen and prostaglandins. The proposed oxygen sensors of foetal and neonatal DA include P450-endothelin and the Kv channel. We hypothesised that the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) is another oxygen sensor.

Methods: Foetal and neonatal DA were studied in Wistar rats using sulfonylurea drugs, including tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, gliclazide, glimepiride and glibenclamide (KATP channel inhibitors), diazoxide and pinacidil (KATP channel openers: KCOs), and rapid whole-body freezing.

Results: Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide and gliclazide easily passed across the placenta, and dose-dependently constricted foetal DA following orogastric administration to near-term pregnant rats. The foetal DA constricted 30% with clinical doses of sulfonylurea drugs, and closed completely with larger doses. Glimepiride and glibenclamide passed across the placenta minimally, and only mildly constricted the foetal DA after maternal administration, but constricted and closed the foetal DA dose-dependently with direct foetal injection. Foetal DA closure was associated with hydrops and foetal death. Diazoxide and pinacidil delayed DA closure following neonatal injection immediately post-natally, and dilated the closed the DA with injection 30 minutes post-natally.

Conclusions: All tested sulfonylurea drugs constricted foetal DA dose-dependently and with complete closure at large doses. KCOs dilated the neonatal DA. These results indicate physiological regulation of foetal and neonatal DA with KATP channels. This study has several clinical implications. Sulfonylurea-associated foetal death was first reported in South Africa 50 years ago. The mechanism of death remained unclear prior to this study. Sulfonylureas may be useful for closing patent DA in premature neonates. The recently reported reopening of neonatal DA associated with the use of diazoxide for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia has been proved experimentally. The DA-dilating effect of KCO drugs may be useful as a bridge to surgery in neonatal DA-dependent congenital heart diseases.

163: COMPARISON OF CONTRACTILE PERFORMANCE OF PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS UNDERGOING CARDIAC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Constanze Bening, Helge Weiler, Ahmad Abugameh, Christian- Friedrich Vahl

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany

Objective: Progressive valve pathology is the most prominent cardiac manifestation in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Valve and papillary muscle thickening and short chordae lead to valve regurgitation and are associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. There is some evidence that differences in venous return might cause decreased preload and reduced end-diastolic volume and ventricular pressure, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: Tissue from six patients (three MPS, three non-MPS) undergoing aortic and/or mitral valve replacement was obtained from the right auricle, transported in an oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution and skinned with Triton-X. We performed three experiments on each patient (n = 18). The fibres were exposed to a gradual increase in calcium concentration and the corresponding force was measured and recorded.

Results: (1) Calcium-induced contraction was statistically significantly different between patients with and without MPS (p = 0.03). (2) The non-MPS male fibres showed significantly higher force values compared to males with MPS (p = 0.0002). (3) Female fibres did not show significant differences in contractile behaviour between MPS and non-MPS fibres.

Conclusion: Our data showed a statistically significantly different contractile behaviour of male and female fibres with and without MPS. A lowered calcium sensitivity, which leads to a deficiency in the Frank-Starling mechanism might be the physiological correlation for this observation and may be a clinical indication for optimised pre-operative treatment of these patients.

210: REMOTE ISCHAEMIC PRECONDITIONING WITH, BUT NOT WITHOUT METABOLIC SUPPORT PROTECTS AGAINST ISCHAEMIA–REPERFUSION INJURY IN THE NEWBORN PIGLET IN VIVO

Michael Rahbek Schmidt1, Nicolaj Brejnholt Stottrup1, Marie Mide Michelsen^1, Rune Birkler^2, Mogens Johannesen^2, Rajesh Kharbanda^3, Andrew Redington^4, Hans Erik Bøtker^5

1Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark

2Section for Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarh

3The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK

4Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

5Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark

Introduction: While remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC) protects the mature heart against ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, the effect of rIPC on the neonatal heart is controversial. The neonatal heart relies almost solely on carbohydrate metabolism, which is modified by rIPC in the mature heart. Glucose–insulin (GI) infusion provides myocardial substrate supplementation, which may compensate for the adverse metabolic effects induced by rIPC in the immature heart.

Hypothesis: rIPC combined with GI improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size compared to control or rIPC alone after IR injury in neonatal piglets in vivo.

Methods: Thirty-two newborn (one to four days old) piglets were randomised into four groups: control, rIPC, GI and GI+rIPC. The GI and GI+rIPC groups received insulin in 20% glucose at a rate corresponding to 100 mU/kg/h continuously from 40 minutes prior to ischaemia. The rIPC and GI+rIPC groups underwent four cycles of five-minute limb ischaemia followed by five minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial IR was induced by 40 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by two hours of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure was measured using 3-F Millar microtip catheters. Interstitial lactate was measured using microdialysis, and infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.

Results: Systolic recovery (dP/dtmax as % of baseline) after two hours’ reperfusion was improved in GI+rIPC (84.7 ± 5.3%) compared to the controls (71.2 ± 4.9%, p < 0.05) and rIPC (33.9 ± 12.9%, p < 0.01) but was not different from the GI group (82.9 ± 8.1%, ns). Lactate levels (% of baseline) were lower in the GI+rIPC (85.5 ± 4.9%) compared to controls (125.1 ± 9.1%, p < 0.01) and rIPC group (233.9 ± 31.1%, p < 0.01). Infarct size relative to area at risk was 12.7 ± 1.1% in GI+rIPC compared to 16.4 ± 1.5% controls (p = 0.06), 18.1 ± 0.8% in rIPC (p < 0.01) and 24.1 ± 2.1% in the GI group.

Conclusion: rIPC+GI, but neither rIPC nor GI alone protected the neonatal porcine heart against IR injury in vivo. rIPC alone appears to have had detrimental metabolic and functional effects that were compensated for by simultaneous metabolic support with GI infusion.

164: IMPACT OF GENDER ON CONTRACTILE BEHAVIOUR OF SKINNED PAPILLARY MUSCLE OF FEMALE AND MALE PATIENTS WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS

Constanze Bening, Helge Weiler, Ahmad Abugameh, Christian- Friedrich Vahl

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Mainz, Germany

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of metabolic disorders caused by the absence of lysosomal enzymes, which cause dermatan and heparan sulfate to accumulate in the tissue. There is a lack of information regarding the impact of gender on these lysosomal storage diseases.

Methods: We examined right atrial tissue of three patients with MPS I or II (n = 9, three preparations per patient) and significant stenosis of the mitral (Δp mean = 17 ± 11.5 mmHg) and aortic valves (Δp mean = 40 ± 21 mmHg) and undergoing valve replacement. Human tissue was obtained from the right atrium before implementation of ECC, and it was prepared and stimulated with a stepwise increase in calcium-containing solution. The results were recorded.

Results: All fibres developed the greatest force (mean: 1.71 ± 0.75 mN) at the highest calcium concentration (pCa 4.5). Male MPS fibres developed statistically significantly less force then female fibres (p = 0.016). The contractile behaviour of the female fibres differed significant from the male fibres (p = 0.02 for MPS male 1, and p = 0.03 for MPS male 2). Calcium sensitivity, i.e. pCa2++ 50 was also statistical significant different between male and female fibres (pCa 5.5, female vs male fibres, p = 0.01).

Conclusion: The data showed differences in contractile performance in these fibres and imply a different sensitivity in male and female MPS patients. We feel it is justified to report these limited results because this is an extremely rare kind of disease. It may help to consider specific peri-operative treatment for patients with MPS.

198: MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-MEDIATED REVERSAL OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA AND ASSOCIATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Georg Hansmann1,2, Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez^2, Muhammad Aslam^2, Sally H. Vitali^2, Thomas Martin^2, S Alex Mitsialis^2, Stella Kourembanas^2

1Hannover Medical School, Germany

2Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an effective preventative or therapeutic strategy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a multifactorial chronic lung disease in preterm infants, which is frequently complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted components have been shown to prevent BPD and pulmonary fibrosis in rodent models. We hypothesised that treatment with conditioned media (CM) from cultured mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs could reverse hyperoxia-induced BPD and PH.

Methods: Newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2 = 0.75) for two weeks, then treated with one intravenous dose of CM from either MSCs or primary mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs), and placed in room air for two to four weeks. Histological analysis of the lungs harvested at four weeks of age was performed to determine the degree of alveolar injury, blood vessel number and vascular remodelling. At six weeks of age, pulmonary artery pressure (PA acceleration time) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH; RV wall thickness) were assessed by echocardiography, and pulmonary function tests were conducted.

Results: When compared to MLF-CM, a single dose of MSC-CMtreatment (1) reversed the hyperoxia-induced parenchymal fibrosis and peripheral PA devascularisation (pruning), (2) partially reversed alveolar injury, (3) normalised lung function (airway resistance, dynamic lung compliance), (4) fully reversed the moderate PH and RVH, and (5) attenuated peripheral PA muscularisation associated with hyperoxia-induced BPD. A microRNA expression analysis on the hyperoxia-induced BPD lungs ± MSC-CM intervention is underway.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first evidence that reversal of key features of hyperoxia-induced BPD and its longterm adverse effects on lung function can be achieved by a single intravenous dose of MSC-CM in vivo, thereby pointing to a new therapeutic intervention for chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease.